1.Brushes. You must have many brushes so that not to lose time washing them while working. Take a new brush for every new mix. Use round kolinsky brushes, #1 to #10. To cover better surfaces, you would require a few #20 to #35 brushes.

2.The palette should be made of hard dark wood, best of all, of pear. After work wash the palette with turpentine and rub it with a razor. Before work clean the palette with linseed oil.

3.The canvas must be primed as well a few more times and in conclusion it should be ground with fine sandpaper. After that the canvas must be scraped with a razor to take away the canvas texture till smooth dead surface similar to the egg’s surface is achieved.

4.It is very significant to have objects for still lives in the studio. Don’t be stingy at garage sales and flea markets, you might regret it later.

5.The drawing is ready on paper life-size to the smallest details. Then it is transferred to the canvas by carbon-paper. After that the drawing is outlined with brown ink as the first oil layer.

6.Before each new layer the canvas (ideally dried during 7 weeks) is cautiously wiped with a half of an onion (in order to prepare the dried surface to soak up better) and then with linseed oil. After that the canvas is wiped with a soft part of cloth.

7.IMPRIMATURA or the first paint layer. The canvas is covered with a fluid mixture based on Red Ochre, Yellow Ochre Light and Ivory Black (the mixture must have an olive hue).

8.The dead layer - the fourth PODMALYOVOK - is made with white lead, light ocher, red ocher, and even burnt bone. The aim of this PODMALYOVOK is penumbra. The picture should look as if its objects were lit with moonlight - olive cold gray color. Colors are applied densely, half a tone higher, shadows are very transparent, half a tone lower.

When painting a room, the first step (and perhaps the most important) is preparing the surface. Poor surface preparation is the number one cause of paint failure and could also ruin your desired effect if not done properly.

1.Before you start, do not forget to put a drop sheet on the floor and cover any  furnishings you don’t desire splattered with paint.
2.Thoroughly fresh and dry the surface before painting.
3.As a general rule of thumb, anything with a glossy surface needs to be dulled before painting.
4.High-gloss surfaces should be cleaned and sanded in order for the paint to bond.
5.An oil based primer or coat of flat paint can take the shine off a surface and arrange it for the new paint.You would require a flat, smooth surface for this to work effectively.
6.Scrape off flaking paint and wallpaper.
7.Patch holes and cracks, allowing the area to dry before proceeding.
8.Sand raised imperfections, bubbles and blisters.
9.Apply a primer if necessary. Repaired, patched, stained and new surfaces need a coat of primer before painting.If the surface has been painted before, you only require to paint the patched or repaired areas.

Oil painting is straightforward, far easer than etching or even watercolor painting. If you can see something, you could paint it in oils. To create something memorable, however, you need to:
1. Formulate what you hope to attain, and devise a workable route to that objective.
2. Research the market if you desire to sell the work.
3. Approach the painting course in logical steps that usually entail:
A. Drawings to explore compositional possibilities.
B. Blocked-out charcoal/pencil/oil sketches to arrange tonal values.
C. Oil sketches to experiment with a range of color schemes and harmonies.
D. Preparing canvas and paint for the anticipated tasks.
E. Applying paint to canvas, either incorporate the results of b and c in direct painting, or by tackling them in distinct phases.
F. Varnishing, framing and hanging the work.

Modern art is an artistic movement which emerged in the late 19th and 20th century. It refers to the new approach where it is no longer a necessity to portray subjects realistically as photography has resolved it. Here artists started experimenting with new approaches and techniques towards nature, materials, and other representations of nature with fresh ideas often moving towards abstraction.

Modern art began as a western movement particularly in painting and then extending towards print making, sculpture and architecture. Various other art movements emerged under the influence of modern art namely impressionism in the late 19th century and expressionism in 20th century.

Listing on the art movements which emerged under the influence of modern art are
1. Impressionism, post impressionism and fauvism.
2. Cubism
3. Expressionism
4. Futurism
5. Abstract painting
6. Suprematism
7. Constructivism
8. Dadaism
9. Surrealism

In the late 1950 there was emergence of art movements combining the above forms; abstract expressionism, Pop art, Op art and Minimal art; in the late 1960s and the 1970s, Land art, Performance art, Conceptual art and Photorealism emerged. Around this period a number of artists started rejecting modern art and began with post modern art or contemporary art.